The source of all diseases! Do you know the nine major dangers of obesity?

Source: People's Daily Online-People's Daily Online

Editor's note: As the saying goes, "One hides all ugliness, one fat destroys everything." From a health perspective, obesity "destroys" not only appearance, but also causes a lot of serious harm to the body. In this issue, I will talk with you: What harm does obesity cause to the body?

The nine major dangers of obesity

　The effect of obesity on life expectancy is closely related to the mortality rate, that is, as the degree of obesity rises, the mortality rate also rises sharply. When the body mass index [BMI = body weight (kg) / height 2 (meters)] exceeds 35, the case fatality rate increases by 30% -40% compared with the average person. According to scientific data, obesity can reduce life expectancy by 6-7 years. What's more frightening is that if severely obese, when the BMI is greater than 40, men's life span will be reduced by 20 years.

　

The effect on blood pressure in adults, especially in the 40-50 years old, is 50% more likely to develop hypertension in the obese. The effect on the heart is not a secondary hypertension or coronary heart disease, but a direct effect on cardiac function. Due to obesity, fat will adhere to the surface of the heart, reducing the contractile function of the heart, leading to a large increase in the proportion of heart failure.

　Cerebrovascular disease In China, the incidence of cerebrovascular disease is very high. Ischemic cerebral infarction is very high due to arteriosclerosis and the formation of thrombi, as well as obesity and dyslipidemia.

　Diabetes and obesity are accompanied by diabetes like shadows. The incidence of diabetes in obese people is 4 times higher than ordinary people. Ninety percent of newly diagnosed diabetic patients are fat, and few are not fat. According to research, when the body mass index is 22-23, the risk of diabetes is actually very low; while at 23-31, the risk of developing diabetes becomes 40%, a 10-fold increase; when the body mass index is 35, women develop The risk of diabetes is 93.2%! So diabetes is very closely related to obesity.

　Fatty liver and dyslipidemia Fatty liver and dyslipidemia have a very high incidence in China, and we often don't know. In fact, about 10% of patients with fatty liver will progress to steatohepatitis, leading to cirrhosis or liver cancer.

　Snoring is what we call obstructive sleep apnea syndrome. Don't underestimate snoring, this disease is very common in obese people, and it is also very harmful. The incidence of this disease is as high as 50% -70% in obese people, but only 2% -4% in the general population. Some obese people doze during the day or sleep at night, and there is obvious hypoxia and certain brain damage. It is very common for these patients to experience sudden cardiac death.

　Tumor obesity is closely related to some tumors. In women it is ovarian cancer, endometrial cancer, bladder cancer and breast cancer; in men it is prostate cancer. Obesity will lead to a significant increase in the incidence of these diseases, and the incidence of rectal cancer will increase significantly after obesity, regardless of gender.

　Some of these cancers have achieved relatively good results, such as prostate cancer, breast cancer, and rectal cancer. But like ovarian cancer, bladder cancer, endometrial cancer, the survival rate of patients with these cancers over 5 years is still relatively low.

　The incidence of osteoarthritis has risen sharply. As our age increases, our joints are gradually aging. Heavy stress will undoubtedly promote joint diseases. Coupled with the obstacles to glucose metabolism and purine metabolism, the incidence of these diseases has increased significantly.

Obese adolescents begin to harden blood vessels at ten

　A study published in The Lancet's Child and Adolescent Health showed that arterial blood vessels in obese adolescents became stiff in their teens.

　"Arterial stiffness is no longer present in the middle-aged and the elderly." Said Xu Zhimin, deputy chief physician of the Department of Cardiology, Xinhua Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine. Increased arterial stiffness is the increase in stiffness of blood vessels, poor elasticity, increased fragility, and increased blood pressure fluctuations, which can easily cause plaques in blood vessels and cause vascular occlusion. Can cause many diseases, such as high blood pressure, diabetes, heart disease, stroke, cerebral hemorrhage, coronary heart disease, lower extremity arterial occlusion and so on.

　In recent years, the trend of aging of arteriosclerosis has become more and more obvious. Among these groups, obese people are the predominant ones, and children, adolescents and young people are the fastest rising obesity rates.

　"In the past, people thought arteriosclerosis was a disease of middle-aged and elderly people. But now we have found in the clinic that many obese children and young people will develop arteriosclerosis." Xu Zhimin explained that some children due to excessive intake of nutrients and inactivity caused fat accumulation and obesity A large amount of fat caused by obesity accumulates on the inner wall of blood vessels, which forms arteriosclerosis over time. Obese patients generally have hyperlipidemia, and hyperlipidemia is an important cause of atherosclerosis.

Everyday fitness, why can't you lose weight?

　Eat more. Many people have increased appetite after fitness, especially those who exercise at night and women. When the calorie intake is greater than the consumption, it is impossible to reduce fat.

　The wrong choice of fitness program. If the purpose of fitness is only to lose weight, then bench presses, squats and other items that stimulate muscle growth are not suitable, because these exercises will increase muscle cross-sectional area and muscle weight, resulting in overall weight gain. It is recommended to choose some small strength exercises, such as dumbbell curls or no weight-bearing exercises (push-ups, sit-ups, etc.) to stimulate small muscle groups, so as to reduce the impact on the cross-sectional area of ​​the muscles and avoid excessive muscle volume growth. I have the illusion of losing weight.

　Reduced resting metabolic rate. A bad side effect of fat loss methods is that the resting metabolic rate (the rate at which you consume energy when you do nothing) starts to decrease. The correct way to reduce fat should be "aerobic + strength + relaxation" order, in order to ensure that muscle content is not lost, do not rely on diet to reduce fat, this will only cause a large amount of muscle content loss. When muscles are lost faster than fat, the muscles atrophy, eventually leading to a reduction in resting metabolic rate.

　　Usually inactive. Many people like to concentrate their time on fitness, which leads to exhaustion of their bodies. When they return home, they just want to "paralyze" in bed and do not want to move. This behavior is called "sport steady state", that is, the human body increases physical activity in one area, and the body becomes inactive in another area. Automatic compensation for the energy consumed is not conducive to fat loss. Therefore, exercise should be moderate, not excessive, only mild to moderate sweating. In this way, you can keep your body active for most of the time, such as cycling to and from work, walking to the subway station, and walking up and down stairs.

After four days of not sleeping well, fat builds up

　A study published in the American Journal of Lipid Research showed that failure to sleep well for 4 days will lead to rapid accumulation of body fat and weight gain.

　The health effects of anorexia can only be seen from changes in body weight. Earlier studies found that when sleep is inadequate, leptin levels in the body decrease by 18%, while hunger levels increase by 28%. Therefore, when you don't sleep well, you are more likely to be hungry, and especially prefer high carbohydrates. When you're not getting enough sleep, people eat more (especially high-calorie foods) and store it as extra energy. This can lead to a sudden rise in insulin and rapid storage of fat, which in turn can lead to rapid weight gain. Therefore, if you want to lose weight and fat, in addition to a reasonable diet and active exercise, you must "sleep". The National Sleep Foundation recommends that adults sleep 7-9 hours per night. Other studies have found that receiving light for 120 minutes after getting up can promote the secretion of leptin in the body and reduce the level of hunger hormone. Therefore, outdoor exercise and sun exposure for people with low vision can reduce the risk of obesity caused by insufficient sleep.

Long-term use of mobile phones increases obesity risk by 40%

　　The dangers of using a smartphone for a long time are not just to hurt the eyes and cervical spine. A study by Simon Bolivar University in Colombia shows that using a mobile phone for more than 5 hours a day increases the risk of obesity by more than 40%, and is more prone to unhealthy habits such as inactivity and junk food, which increases the risk of heart disease. Disease, diabetes and other diseases.

　Researchers report to the 2019 American College of Cardiology Latin America Conference that the study involved 1,060 college students aged 19 to 20, including 700 girls and 360 boys. The researchers found that the use of smartphones for more than 5 hours a day increased the risk of obesity by 43%. At the same time, the possibility of consuming more sugary drinks, snacks, desserts, and snacks doubled. Smart phones bring a lot of convenience to life, but people should pay attention to develop healthy habits, prolonged use is prone to sedentary and insufficient exercise, which increases the risk of suffering from diabetes, heart disease, various cancers, and bone and joint discomfort.

Many people look thin but actually secretly gain weight

　Many people eat and drink and don't like sports, but their limbs are thin and they don't look fat. Such people may not have low body fat and have various potential health problems. Articles on the website of the US "Body Shape" magazine remind such "lean fat people" to pay attention to lifestyle changes.

　Lauren Klein, a weight management expert in New York, USA, said that “lean fat” BMI values ​​(body mass index) are usually normal or low, but after inspection, they found that they will have high blood sugar, low cholesterol, and high triglycerides. , Hypertension and other issues. Because of their inherent thinness, this type of person often does not eat well and does not like sports, which leads to low muscle mass and insufficient vitamin intake, and may also cause problems such as fatigue, inattention, and poor metabolism. If their bodies have problems, they may be more serious than fat people.

　Be vigilant if you meet most of the following conditions: after graduating from school, no strength training; love sweets, artificial sweeteners, carbohydrates, processed foods; insufficient protein intake; often feel tired, unwell, Inattentive and forgetful; Apple-shaped body, thin limbs and fat abdomen; moderate exercise can also feel dizzy.

　It is recommended that this type of "slimming" change lifestyle from three aspects: 

1. Exercise muscles. Muscle is the key to increase the basal metabolic rate, and it can also prevent sugar from entering the blood vessels and cause hyperglycemia. Strength training is recommended at least twice a week. 

2. A balanced diet. In particular, it is necessary to reduce sugar intake, balance protein, oil, vegetables, and carbohydrates, and try to eat less polished rice and processed foods. 

3. Release pressure in time. Stress is high, blood pressure will also rise, you can try yoga, exercise and other ways to help relax the body and mind. Get 6 to 8 hours of sleep and allow your body to rest fully. (People's Health Network is integrated from Beijing Youth Daily, Life Times, Health Times, Beijing Daily)