Six key questions about new Coronaviruses
Six key questions about new coronaviruses. How to prevent during the Spring Festival?
The pneumonia epidemic in Wuhan is touching people's hearts. The whole country is attracting attention, and the circle of friends is swiping the screen.
It has been 22 days since December 30, 2019, when Wuhan City first issued the "unknown cause pneumonia" notification.
What is the situation of the epidemic? What is a new coronavirus? Is it contagious? Is it the same as SARS? How to prevent it? How did the government respond?
These questions are lingering in people's minds. Only timely response and openness can minimize social panic. We systematically combed according to authoritative information and summarized several key issues that everyone is concerned about.
One: What is the current situation of the epidemic?
On January 12, the World Health Organization named it a new coronavirus with the scientific name 2019-nCoV.
The National Health and Health Commission has received a total of 291 confirmed cases of pneumonia with new coronavirus infection in 4 provinces (regions, municipalities) in China (270 in Hubei Province, 5 in Beijing, 14 in Guangdong Province, and 2 in Shanghai); A total of 54 suspected cases were reported in 14 provinces (regions, municipalities) (11 in Hubei, 7 in Guangdong, 3 in Sichuan, 1 in Yunnan, 7 in Shanghai, 1 in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, and 1 in Shandong Province. 1 case in Jilin Province, 1 case in Anhui Province, 16 cases in Zhejiang Province, 2 cases in Jiangxi Province, 1 case in Hainan Province, 1 case in Guizhou Province, and 1 case in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region).
Two: What is the source of the virus? Is it from person to person?
First, the source of the virus is in the South China Seafood Market in Wuhan, but it is not yet known which source the animal is.
The second is that there are cases of person-to-person transmission and medical staff infection. This is a very important sign.
The third is that the virus gene variability is fast, but it is not atypical pneumonia.
Why infer the source of the virus in the South China Seafood Market? Now it seems to have gone through three stages: At the earliest time, all patients were related to the South China Seafood Market. It was very clear. From animal to human, there was adaptive mutation, and there were limited human-to-human transmission.
Three: What exactly is the new coronavirus and how harmful it is?
The new coronavirus is the seventh coronavirus that infects humans. In the past we knew six, including SARS. They were all transmitted from a mammal or wild animal with a host in the middle and then infected humans.
It used to be such a law. At present, the expert group has sequenced and measured the whole genome in a short period of time. It knows who its ancestors were, where the genes came from, and then isolated the virus and saw the virus. It is probably such a process. According to its characteristics, and based on its similarity, it is speculated that there will be wild animals in it that play a key role in making traceable animals.
With high levels of virus exposure in the South China seafood market, so many people were suddenly infected, far exceeding the average human infection, and the virus appeared in the short term. It's early days now, and people-to-people phenomena have been discovered.
For Wuhan, this transmission has entered an early stage of community transmission. Don't look at more than 100 cases. This is a small number compared to more than 10 million people in Wuhan, but we need to be very vigilant. In Wuhan, it has not been found that young people, children, and students are infected, and the elderly are infected. This is a key point. The epidemic is now in its early stages, and it is necessary to strengthen prevention and control measures to let everyone know.
The problem of person-to-person transmission has happened. Now there are cases outside Wuhan. What does it represent? The population and speed of infection in Wuhan can affect outside Wuhan, so there are cases outside, such as in Shenzhen, Thailand, and Japan. Sometimes the risk of the epidemic has been reminded that migration of the population may increase the risk.
The population flow during the Spring Festival, I hope that the crowd will not go without Wuhan, and Wuhan people will not come out. Taking measures now is totally reversible.
Four: What is the difference between this outbreak in Wuhan and the SARS outbreak 17 years ago?
Although the new coronavirus is a close relative of SARS, 2019-nCoV is milder than SARS in terms of infectivity and lethality.
The current situation will not repeat the situation of SARS 17 years ago. Because it has taken only two weeks to locate the disease in the new coronavirus. Coupled with our good monitoring methods and quarantine system, it will not be as big as the social impact and economic damage caused by SARS 17 years ago.
This virus's genetic mutation is very fast. When it goes from animal to human, there is always mutation because it has to adapt. Each virus has many genetic differences, and its clinical situation and epidemiological situation are very different. This disease is difficult to compare with SARS. It is relatively mild and the lungs are not as good as SARS.
We have defeated many infectious diseases in the past, and now we have added a new opponent. From the perspective of the whole country, no re-infection of imported cases has been found. We must control the prevention of second-generation case infection, let alone the third-generation case.
The country has developed a very good prevention and control system since SARS. Each hospital has fever clinics and detection methods. Especially after the new infectious disease came, the expert group developed the reagents in a short time. After arriving at the hospital for testing, has the patient traveled to Wuhan and has no history of contact with the relevant patients, if all the tests are negative, it is ruled out. Don't be afraid of positive results, especially in all provinces with designated hospitals. Some time ago, the expert group has formulated a plan for prevention and treatment, and citizens should go to the hospital in time if they have a fever.
The lethality caused by horrible rumors is far greater than the disease itself. This is the lesson of SARS. Without this, it is convenient for us to control the condition.
Five: How to prevent it? If you get sick, can you cure it?
At present, the most effective methods for prevention and control are early detection, early diagnosis, and timely treatment and isolation. From the perspective of public health, it is also very important to effectively isolate patients who have been diagnosed or will be diagnosed.
The experts proposed the following prevention and control measures:
First, people must wear masks. This is very important. Eyes, nose, and mouth must also pay attention to hygiene. If you have a fever, sore throat, or sore throat, wear a mask. If you have just returned from Wuhan, you must tell the doctor that you have just returned from Wuhan. It is very important for the family and society to allow the doctor to conduct targeted examinations and treatments.
Second, don't eat game. We must respect the lives of wild animals and where they live, because they are inhabitants of the same earth circle as we are. Of course, for our own security, we must resolutely resist such bad habits of civilization.
Third, as schools will start soon after the Spring Festival. Schools must act promptly with students coming infected. What about the problems of the elderly? What about chronic patients? The community should take action and give all of them a propaganda material. They all know what to do when they have a fever, what not to do when they go out, and what to do if they encounter this situation.
Fourth, there are also some medical staff, those who do public work, bus ticket sales staff, and bank counter staff who are facing the common people. One person may be infected by many people after they get sick, so every industry must act. Do not work or travel with illness.
Until now, there is no specific medicine for the condition. SARS 17 years ago did not have any special medicine until this stage. But there is indeed progress. Experts are doing some experimental observations, animal experiments are being conducted, and some candidate Chinese medicines are also being observed. Many solutions to the virus already exist.
Six: What is your opinion on the current epidemic prevention and control, and the development of epidemic situation in the later period?
Prevention and control should be directed at Wuhan. First of all, reducing output in Wuhan is a very important aspect. Unless it is extremely important, generally do not go to Wuhan. The other is to prevent outside infections. Wuhan should have a stricter port inspection, and it should establish such measures as screening and testing at railway stations and airports.
The standard for monitoring prevention and control is first of all body temperature. If there are some fever and fever symptoms, especially those with abnormal body temperature, it is recommended that these people should be compulsorily controlled in this city. This is an important point.
At present, the development of the disease is at a critical point, because in the 40 days of the Spring Festival, it is estimated that the number of people who get sick will increase, and it is not expected that the disease will develop in a chain. The main point is to prevent its spread. The key point is that some super communicators appear in the process of dissemination. These super disseminators are difficult to explain their biological laws. So if we can prevent, isolate, observe in time, and prevent it from spreading, the probability of super communicators will be much reduced.
How to prevent infection during the Spring Festival?
(1) On the way to the Spring Festival:
Wang Yuedan, professor of the Department of Immunology and director of the Comprehensive Pathogens and Immunology Laboratory of Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences, said the following protection measures are available:
â‘ Wash your hands frequently
â‘¡ Make itinerary to avoid bumps
When planning your itinerary, avoid multiple transfers as much as possible to ensure sufficient rest time, otherwise fatigue will cause the body's immunity to decline and it will not be able to resist the virus.
â‘¢ Keep your clothes warm during the trip
Check the local and destination temperature in advance to prepare the right clothes. And the temperature difference between indoor and outdoor, inside and outside the car is large, and it is necessary to adjust the clothes in time to avoid colds.
â‘£ Wear N95 masks / surgical surgical masks
Wearing a mask is an effective means of blocking the spread of respiratory secretions. If you have symptoms of respiratory infections around you, such as coughing or sneezing, it is best to wear a mask.
Note! Only N95 masks or medical surgical masks can prevent respiratory diseases well.
When wearing a mask, fully unfold the folded surface, completely cover the mouth, nose, and jaw, and then compress the nose clip so that the mask fits the face completely.
Wash your hands before wearing a mask, or avoid touching your face with the inside of the mask during wearing the mask to reduce the possibility of the mask being contaminated.
Make a clear distinction between the inside and outside of the mask, the top and bottom, the light side is inside, and the mouth and nose should be attached, the dark side should be facing outwards; one end of the metal strip (nose clip) is above the mask.
It should be replaced regularly, and it should not be worn reversely, let alone alternately.
⑤ Wash your hands frequently with soap
Wash your hands with soap as much as possible. If conditions do not allow, prepare disinfectant wipes or hand sanitizer.
(2) During the Spring Festival: cooked food, less crowded places
During the Spring Festival, everyone is unavoidable to go with friends and relatives. At this time, you should try to:
â‘ It is best to avoid going to crowded places or remember to wear a mask.
â‘¡ After going home, wash your hands as soon as possible to avoid bringing pathogens to your family.
â‘¢ Do not eat foods such as wild animals and raw food that are not quarantined, such as meat sold by roadside stalls.
Many wild animals may carry pathogens and become the transmission vectors of certain infectious diseases. Civets and bats are common hosts of coronaviruses. Don't take risks for "early adopters." During the process of breeding, slaughtering, and selling wild animals, humans are likely to come into contact with the secretions of animals with pathogens. After touching the secretions with their hands, contact food, touch their noses, or rub their eyes. Infectious.
â‘£Do not touch wild animals, especially rodents such as bats and marmots, to avoid contracting zoonotic diseases.
Editor-in-chief: Meng Xia
Source: CCTV Online Review, People's Daily
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